Effect of Halal Products Awareness and Attitude towards Halal Products on Halal Products Purchase Intention in Kano Metropolitan, Nigeria: The Moderating Role of Trust in Halal Industry
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61132/iceat.v3i1.260Keywords:
Attitude towards Halal Products, Halal Industry, Halal Products Awareness, Halal Products Purchase Intention, Halal Products TrustAbstract
Globally, the halal industry is growing at a faster rate due to the high recurrent demand for ethical consumables. This growing trend has necessitated that nations legislate and provide a standard certification mechanism for producers and importers alike to facilitate seamless consumers’ distinction between halal and non-halal products. However, despite the global recognition of the halal industry, Nigeria lacks pertinent legislative backing for it, thereby causing Nigerians to purchase goods without knowing their definitive halal status. In view of the above, this study explores how Halal Product Awareness (HPA) and Attitude Toward Halal Products (ATHP) influence the intention to purchase Halal products (HPPI) among Nigerians, with Trust in the Halal Industry (THI) acting as a moderating factor. The objectives include examining the impact of HPA and ATHP on HPPI and investigating how THI moderates the relationships between HPA, ATHP, and HPPI in Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was used, targeting adult Muslims (both male and female) living in Kano, Nigeria, who have a steady income. A sample of 287 respondents participated, with data collected through adapted instruments and analyzed via SmartPLS4. Results show that both HPA and ATHP significantly influence HPPI, and the moderating effect of THI on these relationships was also significant. Based on these findings, the study recommends creating a dedicated regulatory body for the halal industry and implementing halal certifications for eligible organizations to enhance trust among Nigerians.
Downloads
References
Abd Rahman, A., Asrarhaghighi, E., & Ab Rahman, S. (2015). Consumers and Halal cosmetic products: Knowledge, religiosity, attitude and intention. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 6(1), 148–163. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-09-2013-0068
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Akın, M. S., & Okumuş, A. (2021). Shaping the consumers’ attitudes towards Halal food products in Turkey. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 12(6), 1081–1096. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-08-2019-0167
Ali, A., Ali, A., Xiaoling, G., Sherwani, M., & Hussain, S. (2018). Expanding the theory of planned behaviour to predict Chinese Muslims halal meat purchase intention. British Food Journal, 120(1), 2–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-05-2017-0278
Ali, M. (2016). Konsep Makanan Halal dalam Tinjauan Syariah dan Tanggung Jawab Produk Atas Produsen Industri Halal. AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 16(2), 291–306. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v16i2.4459
Almunawar, M. N., Ubaedillah, A., Amalia, E., & Thoha, A. M. (Eds.). (2025). Exploring the Halal Industry and Its Business Ecosystem Prospects: IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-8618-7
Alqudsi, S. G. (2014). Awareness and Demand for 100% Halal Supply Chain Meat Products. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 130, 167–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.021
Al‐Teinaz, Y. R. (2020). What is Halal Food? In Y. R. Al‐Teinaz, S. Spear, & I. H. A. Abd El‐Rahim (Eds.), The Halal Food Handbook (1st ed., pp. 7–26). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118823026.ch1
Ambali, A. R., & Bakar, A. N. (2014). People’s Awareness on Halal Foods and Products: Potential Issues for Policy-makers. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 121, 3–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1104
Amuda, Y. J. (2026). Engaging Islamic banking and finance experts in embedding medicinal plants and fruits into halal food industry between Saudi Arabia and Nigeria. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 10, 1640319. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2026.1640319
Annabi, C. A., & Ahmed, J. L. (2015). Halal Beef Handling in Nigeria: The Abattoir Workers‟ Perspective. Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research, 3(2), 62. https://doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v3i2.9060
Annabi, C. A., & Wada, S. M. (2016). Halal Pharmaceutical Industry in Nigeria: A bitter pill to swallow. Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research, 4(2), 67. https://doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v4i2.9087
Awan, H. M., Siddiquei, A. N., & Haider, Z. (2015). Factors affecting Halal purchase intention – evidence from Pakistan’s Halal food sector. Management Research Review, 38(6), 640–660. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-01-2014-0022
Aziz, Y. A., & Chok, N. V. (2013). The Role of Halal Awareness, Halal Certification, and Marketing Components in Determining Halal Purchase Intention Among Non-Muslims in Malaysia: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. Journal of Inter-national Food & Agribusiness Marketing, 25(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974438.2013.723997
Bashir, A. M. (2019). Effect of halal awareness, halal logo and attitude on foreign consumers’ purchase intention. British Food Journal, 121(9), 1998–2015. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-01-2019-0011
Belanche, D., Flavián, M., & Pérez-Rueda, A. (2020). Mobile Apps Use and WOM in the Food Delivery Sector: The Role of Planned Behavior, Perceived Security and Customer Lifestyle Compatibility. Sustainability, 12(10), 4275. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104275
Bello, A., & Abubakar, M. (2014). Challenges and Solutions to Islamic Banking System in a Pluralistic–Secular Country like Nigeria. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n6p25
Bello, N., & Jaiyeoba, H. B. (2021). The role of Islamic banking in the development of halal science and industry in Nigeria. Enhancing and Strengthening Halal Industry through Science. Virtual International Halal Science Conference 21. http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/92253
Bizer, G. Y., Barden, J. C., & Petty, R. E. (2006). Attitudes. In L. Nadel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science (1st ed.). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470018860.s00483
Bonne, K., & Verbeke, W. (2007). Religious values informing halal meat production and the control and delivery of halal credence quality. Agriculture and Human Values, 25(1), 35–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-007-9076-y
Busari, S., Abdullahi, & Sitiris, M. (2021). Standardisation of Halal Industry towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN 2289-8077), 18(1), 163–198. https://doi.org/10.31436/jia.v18i1.1001
Butt, M. M. Z. (2020). Halal and Shariah Law. In Y. R. Al‐Teinaz, S. Spear, & I. H. A. Abd El‐Rahim (Eds.), The Halal Food Handbook (1st ed., pp. 27–38). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118823026.ch2
Castaldo, S., Perrini, F., Misani, N., & Tencati, A. (2009). The Missing Link Between Corporate Social Responsibility and Consumer Trust: The Case of Fair Trade Products. Journal of Business Ethics, 84(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9669-4
Castelfranchi, C. & Rino Falcone. (2017). How we risk when we trust. How we trust when we risk. Sistemi intelligenti, (2), 295–312. https://doi.org/10.1422/87756
Chakraborty, J., & Singh, K. (2026). The Influence of Brand Image on Consumer Buying Behavior and Purchasing Decisions: In R. Marcão & V. Santos (Eds.), Consumer Behavior and Digital Influence in Global Markets (pp. 285–298). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-2600-1343-4.ch011
Chang, J. C., & Yu, T. N. (2025). Entrepreneurship and Learning in Tech Universities: Revisiting the Theory of Planned Be-haviour. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM), 0345–0349. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEM63636.2025.11357600
Chaniotakis, I. E., Lymperopoulos, C., & Soureli, M. (2010). Consumers’ intentions of buying own‐label premium food products. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 19(5), 327–334. https://doi.org/10.1108/10610421011068568
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed). L. Erlbaum Associates.
David Schoorman, F., Mayer, R. C., & Davis, J. H. (2016). Empowerment in veterinary clinics: The role of trust in delegation. Journal of Trust Research, 6(1), 76–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2016.1153479
Delgado‐Ballester, E. (2004). Applicability of a brand trust scale across product categories: A multigroup invariance analysis. European Journal of Marketing, 38(5/6), 573–592. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560410529222
DinarStandard. (2025). State of the Global Islamic Economy Report 2024/25. From Crisis to Catalyst: Evolving Islamic Economy Oppurtunities. Salam Gateway. https://cdn.salaamgateway.com/reports/pdf/SGIE%202024_25%20Report.pdf
Dong, S., & Chang, Y. (2024). The theory of planned behavior explored in entrepreneurial intentions among university students in Shandong province, China. Journal of Infrastructure Policy and Development, 8(10), 7186. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i10.7186
Dwi Mulyaningsih, H., Dahlan, W., Suksuwan, A., Katelakha, K., Rahmawati, S., & Wahyu Rachmawati, A. (2023). Tracking and Tracing Technology in Upholding Halal Product Integrity. In N. A. Abdul Rahman, K. Mahroof, & A. Hassan, Technologies and Trends in the Halal Industry (1st ed., pp. 187–205). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003368519-17
Elseidi, R. I. (2018). Determinants of halal purchasing intentions: Evidences from UK. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 9(1), 167–190. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-02-2016-0013
Fari, M. J. M., & Nikzaad, R. M. (2025). Halal food law. In B. V. D. Meulen, B. Wernaart, & L. Kramer (Eds.), Elgar Concise Encyclopedia of Food Law (pp. 196–207). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781802209709.00054
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error: Algebra and Statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382. https://doi.org/10.2307/3150980
Fu, F. Q., & Elliott, M. T. (2013). The Moderating Effect of Perceived Product Innovativeness and Product Knowledge on New Product Adoption: An Integrated Model. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 21(3), 257–272. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679210302
Gafoor. (2012). Considerations in measurement of awareness. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.2109.2643
Giada, M., & Riccardo, R. (2018). The influence of ethnocentrism and Halal trust on attitudes toward products from non-Muslim countries: A study of Moroccan consumers. African Journal of Business Management, 12(22), 652–665. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM2018.8625
Hair, J. F., Jr, Hult, G. T. M., M. Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 38(2), 220–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2015.1005806
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Hustvedt, G., & Kang, J. (2013). Consumer Perceptions of Transparency: A Scale Development and Validation. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 41(3), 299–313. https://doi.org/10.1111/fcsr.12016
Idris, R., Pehin Dato Musa, S. F., & Sumardi, W. H. (2025). Challenges of Halal Food Ecosystems: The Case of Brunei Da-russalam. In R. Idris, M. A. Tareq, S. F. Pehin Dato Musa, & W. H. Sumardi (Eds.), The Halal Industry in Asia (pp. 333–351). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-0393-0_17
Ishak, S., Awang, A. H., Hussain, M. Y., Ramli, Z., Md Sum, S., Saad, S., & Abd Manaf, A. (2016). A study on the mediating role of halal perception: Determinants and consequence reflections. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 7(3), 288–302. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-02-2015-0010
Jaafar, S. N. (2012). Consumers’ Perceptions, Attitudes and Purchase Intention towards Private Label Food Products in Malaysia. Asian Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 2(8).
Kadir, M. H. A., Rasi, R. Z. R. M., Omar, S. S., & Manap, Z. I. A. (2016). Halal Supply Chain Management Streamlined Practices: Issues and Challenges. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 160(1), 012070. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/160/1/012070
Karim, Moh., & Dzikrulloh, D. (2025). Enhancing Culinary SMEs Revenue in Burneh District, Bangkalan Through Halal Certification Optimization. El-Qist: Journal of Islamic Economics and Business (JIEB), 14(2), 141–153. https://doi.org/10.15642/elqist.2024.14.2.141-153
Khalid, N. R., Che Wel, C. A., & Mokhtaruddin, S. A. (2020). Product Positioning as a Moderator for Halal Cosmetic Purchase Intention. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, (Online First). https://doi.org/10.22059/ijms.2020.279978.673617
Krisna, R., Yusuf, M., & Putra, E. (2023). Analysis of the Halal Ecosystem and Halal Literacy on the Development of Islamic Economic Halal Regulation.
Kurniawati, D. A., & Savitri, H. (2020). Awareness level analysis of Indonesian consumers toward halal products. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(2), 522–546. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-10-2017-0104
Lada, S., Harvey Tanakinjal, G., & Amin, H. (2009). Predicting intention to choose halal products using theory of reasoned action. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 2(1), 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538390910946276
Liu, D., Lee, S., & Hwang, J.-Y. (2021). Factors related to the intention of healthy eating behaviors based on the theory of planned behavior: Focused on adults residing in Beijing, China. Journal of Nutrition and Health, 54(1), 67–75. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4163/JNH.2021.54.1.67
Liu, X., & Zheng, X. (2024). The persuasive power of social media influencers in brand credibility and purchase intention. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02512-1
Logan, C. D., & Hodges, M. I. (2012). Psychology of attitudes. In Psychol. Of Attitudes (p. 146). Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Scopus. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84892124860&partnerID=40&md5=4ff31087a4e9e40ffd916bd1d03190c7
Masood, A. (2022). Halal Certification: A Bibliometric Analysis (2004—2021). 2(2).
Miftahuddin, M., Agung, Rabiatul Adawiyah, W., Pradipta, R., & Wihuda, F. (2022). Examining the effect of halal perceived value and perceived risk on purchase intention: A mediating role of halal trust. Innovative Marketing, 18(4), 62–73. https://doi.org/10.21511/im.18(4).2022.06
Moghaddam, H. K., Khan, N., Tan, B. C., & Khan, S. (2022). Consumer attitude toward Halal food in the case of the United Kingdom: The roleof product attributes and marketing stimuli. Food Research, 6(6), 136–142. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.6(6).861
Muhammad, T., & Bin Ngah, B. (2020). Islamic Financial Institutions And Their Impact On The Development Of Halal SMEs In Nigeria. AZKA International Journal of Zakat & Social Finance, 01–24. https://doi.org/10.51377/azjaf.vol1no01.6
Mukhtar, A., & Butt, M., Mohsin. (2012). Intention to choose Halal products: The role of religiosity. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 3(2), 108–120. https://doi.org/10.1108/17590831211232519
Namin, A. (2017). Revisiting customers’ perception of service quality in fast food restaurants. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 34, 70–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.09.008
Nawaz, M. S., Sabir, I., Majid, M. B., & Rafique, A. (2024). Analyzing the Mediating Roles of Attitude and Awareness in shaping the Relationship between Religiosity and the Purchase Intention of Halal Cosmetics. Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 14(2), 203–223. https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.142.13
Norazmi, M. N., & Lim, L. S. (2015). Halal pharmaceutical industry: Opportunities and challenges. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 36(8), 496–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2015.06.006
Nurhayati, T., & Hendar, H. (2020). Personal intrinsic religiosity and product knowledge on halal product purchase intention: Role of halal product awareness. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(3), 603–620. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-11-2018-0220
Nurrachmi, R. (2018). The Global Development of Halal Food Industry: A Survey. Tazkia Islamic Finance and Business Review, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.30993/tifbr.v11i1.113
Olson, M. A., & Kendrick, R. V. (2012). Attitude Formation. In Encyclopedia of Human Behavior (pp. 230–235). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-375000-6.00041-0
Oyelakin, I. O., & Yusuf, A. H. (2018). Prospects of Halal Products in Developing Countries: Comparison between Nigeria and Malaysia. International Journal of Business Society, 2(8). https://doi.org/10.30566/ijo-bs/2018.285
Prasetyo, A., Sri Guntur, Y., & Khayati, I. (2025). The Role of Sharia Accounting in Strengthening Indonesia’s Halal Industry Ecosystem. El-Qist: Journal of Islamic Economics and Business (JIEB), 15(1), 83–99. https://doi.org/10.15642/elqist.2025.15.1.83-99
Pratama, A. A. N., Hamidi, M. L., & Cahyono, E. (2023). The effect of halal brand awareness on purchase intention in indonesia: The mediating role of attitude. Cogent Business & Management, 10(1), 2168510. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2168510
Pratikto, H. (2020). Building Human Capacity to Ensure Halal Supply Chain Compliance. 1st International Conference On Halal Development. Halal Development: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Halal Development (ICHaD 2020), Malang, Indonesia,.
Rahmawaty, S., Kartawinata, B. R., Akbar, A., & Wijaksana, T. I. (2021, March 7). The Effect of E-Service Quality and E-Trust on E-Customer Loyalty Through E-Customer Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable (Study on Gopay Users in Bandung). Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. 11th Annual International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. https://doi.org/10.46254/AN11.20210933
Rouziou, M., Gilboa, I., Rouziès, D., & Dugan, R. (2020). Do Salespeople Trust their Customers? Toward an Understanding of Trust in B2B Relationships under Uncertainty: An Abstract. In S. Wu, F. Pantoja, & N. Krey (Eds.), Marketing Opportunities and Challenges in a Changing Global Marketplace (pp. 297–298). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39165-2_117
Saputro, J. D. H., Wilujeng, I. P., & Pratikto, H. (2021). The influence of halal awareness and halal certificate on purchase intention through brand image. In H. Pratikto, A. Taufiq, A. Voak, N. Deuraseh, H. Nur, W. Dahlan, Idris, & A. Purnomo, Halal Development: Trends, Opportunities and Challenges (1st ed., pp. 56–62). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003189282-10
Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., Cheah, J.-H., Becker, J.-M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). How to Specify, Estimate, and Validate High-er-Order Constructs in PLS-SEM. Australasian Marketing Journal, 27(3), 197–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2019.05.003
Schiffman, L. G., & Kanuk, L. L. (2007). Consumer behavior (9th ed). Pearson Prentice Hall.
Searle, R. H., Nienaber, A.-M. I., & Sitkin, S. B. (Eds.). (2018). The Routledge Companion to Trust (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315745572
Selvakumar, P., Dahiya, R., Malik, N., Manjunath, T. C., Sharma, M., & Kumar, R. (2025). Halal Cosmetics and Pharmaceutics: In M. N. Almunawar, A. Ubaedillah, E. Amalia, & A. M. Thoha (Eds.), Exploring the Halal Industry and Its Business Ecosystem Prospects (pp. 189–210). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-8618-7.ch009
Shah Alam, S., & Sayuti, N., Mohamed. (2011). Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in halal food purchasing. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 21(1), 8–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/10569211111111676
Shmueli, G., Ray, S., Velasquez Estrada, J. M., & Chatla, S. B. (2016). The elephant in the room: Predictive performance of PLS models. Journal of Business Research, 69(10), 4552–4564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.03.049
Sinnott-Armstrong, W., & Nadel, L. (2010). Conscious Will and Responsibility. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195381641.001.0001
Statista. (2026). Population of Nigeria in selected years between 1950 and 2026 [Dataset]. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1122838/population-of-nigeria/?srsltid=AfmBOopfo8acmR0WMVWXNJLv0pYDzyPUcqS-ocnR--8lIJ8Y3Sen_KG_
Sucipto, S., Zubir, M., Astuti, R., & Sukoso, S. (2026). Analysis of self-declared halal certification in Indonesia: Regulation, barriers, and opportunity. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 12(1), 2660378. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2026.2660378
Sukesti, F., Nurcahyono, N., Budiman, M., & Ifada, L. M. I. (2024). Determinant Factors Cross Generation Behavior on Halal Food Product: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia. International Journal of Islamic Business Ethics, 9(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.30659/ijibe.9.1.1-14
Suki, N., Mohd, & Suki, N., Mohd. (2018). Halal Cosmetic Products: Do Knowledge and Religiosity Affect Consumersâ€TM Attitude and Intention to Use? International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4.38), 764–767. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.38.27540
Tandon, A., Kaur, P., Bhatt, Y., Mäntymäki, M., & Dhir, A. (2021). Why do people purchase from food delivery apps? A consumer value perspective. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 63, 102667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102667
Tieman, M., Van Der Vorst, J. G. A. J., & Che Ghazali, M. (2012). Principles in halal supply chain management. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 3(3), 217–243. https://doi.org/10.1108/17590831211259727
Voak, A., Fairman, B., & Wahyuni, H. C. (2023). Halal Supply Chain Competencies: A Framework for Human Capability Development. Journal of Resilient Economies (ISSN: 2653-1917), 3(2). https://doi.org/10.25120/jre.3.2.2023.4021
White, M. P., & Johnson, B. B. (2010). The Intuitive Detection Theorist (IDT) Model of Trust in Hazard Managers: IDT Model of Trust in Hazard Managers. Risk Analysis, 30(8), 1196–1209. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01407.x
World Population Review. (2026). Muslim Population by Country 2026. World Population Review. https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/muslim-population-by-country
Xiao, F., Chen, R.-S., Zhang, W., Chen, Y.-C., Lu, S.-Y., Chen, Y.-Q., Xiong, N., & Chen, C.-M. (2019). Design and Analysis of a Strengthen Internal Control Scheme for Smart Trust Financial Service. IEEE Access, 7, 163202–163218. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2945056
Xie, W., Zhang, Z.-H., & Xiang, M. (2019). Research on the Perceived Value of College Students for Knowledge-Paying Products. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1168, 032027. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1168/3/032027
Yoga, I., Muharrami, R. S., & Setiawan, A. (2025). Consumer Perception of Halal Products Availability in Traditional Markets: The Role of Traceability. An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), 39(5), 353–364. https://doi.org/10.35552/0247.39.5.2358
Yu, Q. (2023). Research on Factors Affecting Consumers’ Purchase Intention. Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences, 37(1), 61–66. https://doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/37/20231835
Yusoff, S. Z., & Adzharuddin, N. A. (2017). Factor of Awareness in Searching and Sharing of Halal Food Product among Muslim Families in Malaysia. SHS Web of Conferences, 33, 00075. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20173300075
Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L., & Parasuraman, A. (1996). The Behavioral Consequences of Service Quality. Journal of Marketing, 60(2), 31–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299606000203
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Proceeding of the International Conference on Economics, Accounting, and Taxation

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.





