Price Theory and Market Risk from an Islamic Economic Perspective: A Multidisciplinary Analysis

Abstract

This study examines the conceptualization of price theory and market risk as the primary objects of analysis within the framework of Islamic economics. The research is driven by the problem of existing literature fragmentation, which often separates normative-theological values from technical economic applications. Consequently, the objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive multidisciplinary analysis that bridges these gaps. The research employs a multidisciplinary qualitative method, integrating theological, philosophical, sociological, and economic perspectives through a systematic literature review. The findings reveal that Islamic price theory, while acknowledging supply and demand mechanisms, is fundamentally rooted in the concept of tawhid, necessitating ethical oversight to eliminate market distortions such as ihtikar (hoarding) and ghishsh (fraud). Furthermore, the synthesis of ideas indicates that market risk management in Islam shifts the paradigm from risk transfer to risk sharing via mudharabah and musyarakah contracts to minimize gharar (uncertainty). The study concludes that achieving a fair price (al-si'r al-'adil) and collective well-being (falah) requires government intervention (ta'zir al-si'r) during moral failures. It is recommended that future research develops specific quantitative models to measure Sharia-compliant risks to address contemporary global market challenges.